4 TasksIndex

Do the following tasks in order, from top to bottom.
These tasks must be done in your account on the Course Linux Server.
READ ALL THE WORDS! and do not skip steps.
Run the Checking Program to grade your work, then upload the file containing the output of the Checking Program to Blackboard.
Your instructor will also mark on the due date the work you do in your account on the CLS. Leave all your work on the CLS and do not modify it.
Do not delete any assignment work from the CLS until after the course is over.

4.1 Do Worksheet 4 and Worksheet 5Index

See your previous assignments for how best to fill in the worksheets. These worksheets prepare you to do the rest of the tasks listed below. Failure to complete the worksheets will make the rest of this assignment very difficult. Do the worksheets first! Record and save all your worksheet answers for study and quizzes!

Do a Remote Login to the Course Linux Server (CLS). All work in this assignment must be done on the CLS.
Set your PS1 shell prompt.
Use LibreOffice or OpenOffice to complete Worksheet #04 ODT. (View online: Worksheet #04 HTML.) Record and save all your worksheet answers for study and quizzes!
Use LibreOffice or OpenOffice to complete Worksheet #05 ODT. (View online: Worksheet #05 HTML.) Record and save all your worksheet answers for study and quizzes!

Failure to complete the worksheets will make the rest of this assignment very difficult. Do the worksheets first!

4.2 Set Up – The Base Directory on the CLSIndex

You must keep a list of command names used each week and write down what each command does, as described in the List of Commands You Should Know. Without that list to remind you what command names to use, you will find assignments very difficult.

Create the following directory structure in your CLS personal HOME directory and record (for study purposes) the series of Unix commands you used to create it. (You do not have to create any directories that you have already created in a previous assignment.) Spelling and capitalization must be exactly as shown:
1. Create the CST8207-15F directory in your CLS HOME directory.
2. Create the Assignments directory in the CST8207-15F directory.
3. Create the assignment05 directory in the Assignments directory.

Hint: You can create the entire directory tree above using one single command.

This assignment05 directory is called the Base Directory for most pathnames in this assignment. Store your files and answers in this Base Directory, not in your HOME directory or anywhere else.

Run the Checking Program to verify your work so far.

4.3 Using shell GLOB patterns to select namesIndex

You need to understand Shell GLOB Patterns to do this task.

Make your HOME directory your current directory.

`oldnotes` `newnotes`

In your HOME directory, create two symbolic links to the old and new course notes for CST8207 using the ln -s command and option and the method described in Copies of the CST8207 Course Notes. (The old notes must be term 15w and the new notes must be term 15f in the pathnames you use.)
Do a long listing of the new oldnotes symlink and verify that it looks similar to this (but the userid and time will differ):
```
lrwxrwxrwx 1 abcd0001 abcd0001 52 Oct  4 00:00 oldnotes -> /home/idallen/public_html/teaching/cst8207/15w/notes
```
You should be able to do ls oldnotes and see all the course notes file names from last term (15w). If not, remove and redo the symlink.
In your HOME directory, use the ls command with a single shell GLOB pattern to match all pathnames under the symbolic link oldnotes/ that end in .txt and display all the names on your screen. The shell will find 91 pathnames ending in .txt, and the ls command will display those 91 names on your screen as 91 lines. One of the last names on your screen should look exactly like this:
```
oldnotes/worksheet08.txt
```
Make sure you see 91 pathnames. (You can use a command pipeline to count the lines to be sure you have 91.)

Hints: No pipeline or find commmand is required to generate the 91 pathnames, just use the ls command and one single GLOB pattern argument starting with the symlink oldnotes/. This use of a GLOB pattern on a command line is illustrated in Copies of the CST8207 Course Notes. The example in the notes uses the given GLOB pattern to generate pathnames to the ls command and count them. Follow the example and display the 91 pathnames on your screen instead of counting them (don’t use any pipes).

`textfound.txt`

When the ls output on your screen is correct (91 names), redirect the output 91 names into file textfound.txt under your Base Directory (not under your current directory). The file must contain 91 names, one per line.

Hints: See the previous Hint.
Again in your HOME directory, use the echo command with a shell GLOB pattern to match all pathnames under oldnotes/ that contain the word symbolic anywhere in the file name and display the names on your screen. The shell will find two pathnames, one ending in .html and the other in .txt, and the echo command will display those two names on your screen on one line.

Hints: See the previous Hint.

`symfound.txt`

When the echo output on your screen is correct (two names on one line), redirect the output into file symfound.txt under your Base Directory (not under your current directory). The file must contain two names on one line.
Again in your HOME directory, use the echo command with a shell GLOB pattern to match pathnames under oldnotes/ that contain the word vi anywhere in the file name and end in the extension .pdf at the end. The shell will find two pathnames, each ending in .pdf at the end, and the echo command will display those two names on your screen on one line.
When the echo output on your screen is correct (two names on one line), change the command name from echo to ls and add an option to show the full, long information about the pathnames. You should see two long lines on your screen, showing the full file information for each of the two files.

`vifound.txt`

Now redirect the two lines of long output on your screen into file vifound.txt under your Base Directory (not under your current directory). The file must contain two lines and approximately 18 words.

Run the Checking Program to verify your work so far.

4.4 Searching for text inside files (e.g. course notes)Index

As mentioned in Worksheet #03 HTML, choose which text search command you use depending on whether special characters are being used in the search string. You should use the fixed-string fgrep command to begin with in this introductory course. You will learn regular expressions and the grep command later in the term.

Always verify that the correct output appears on your screen before you redirect the output into a file. You can only redirect what you can see.

Make your Base Directory your current directory for this section.

`mypasswd.txt`

Search for lines containing your login userid in the password file. You should find exactly one line. (For an explanation of what the seven fields are in this line, see man 5 passwd.
When the output is correct (one line) then redirect the output into file mypasswd.txt in your Base Directory. The file should contain one line.
Search for lines containing a period (dot) character (.) in the file special.txt in the Source Directory.

Hint: A period is a special character. Choose the right command, as described at the start of this section. The word count of the correct output should be: 6 33 171

`periods.txt`

When you have the correct output on your screen, redirect that output into file periods.txt under your Base Directory. The word count of the file should be the same as above (six lines).
Search for lines containing two asterisk characters (**) in the file special.txt in the Source Directory.

Hint: An asterisk is a special character. Choose the right command, as described at the start of this section. The word count of the correct output should be: 3 29 163

`asterisks.txt`

When you have the correct output on your screen, redirect that output into file asterisks.txt under your Base Directory. The word count of the file should be the same as above (three lines).
In your Base Directory, create two more symbolic links to the old and new course notes for CST8207, as you did in your HOME directory earlier in the assignment.

In Copies of the CST8207 Course Notes, see the example use of fgrep with shell GLOB patterns to match *.txt files in these oldnotes and newnotes directories. The GLOB pattern easily generates a huge list of file names for fgrep to search inside.
In the old course notes from last year, use one command to search inside all the .txt files for the word Filezilla (spelled exactly as shown, case-sensitive). Only three lines of text should display, from three files. Each line of text should be preceded by the file name in which it was found. (The word count of the output must be 3 36 327.)

Hint: You will need to use the same GLOB pattern you used earlier to match all the .txt files under oldnotes. This time, use the GLOB pattern to make the shell give all the file names to the command that searches for text inside all those files. No pipes are needed to find these lines; use just one command using a GLOB pattern. If you see more than three lines of output, you are likely using options that make the search case-insensitive. If your word count is wrong because the file names are missing, you are likely using unnecessary pipes to find the files. Don’t do that.
Repeat the above on all the *.txt files, but add the searching option that ignores case distinctions when matching lines in the files (RTFM). Now, 13 lines are found in six different files.

Hint: These text-searching commands are case-sensitive by default – searching inside files for lines containing abc won’t find any lines containing ABC unless you use an option to ignore case distinctions during the search. (What option? RTFM)

`filezilla.txt`

Redirect the 13 lines of output into a file named filezilla.txt under your Base Directory.

Run the Checking Program to verify your work so far.

4.5 The cracker WAREZ 100 filesIndex

You need to understand Shell GLOB Patterns to do this task.

The “story” here is that a malicious cracker has dumped a bunch of WAREZ files in a directory on the server and has hidden them among thousands of other files. (See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warez.) Your job is to take a copy of the WAREZ files, and only the WAREZ files, for use in a court case. You must not touch or copy any other files, only the WAREZ files.

There is a directory named start under the Source Directory. Hidden (really hidden) deeper under this directory is one single directory containing over 216,000 pathnames. Be careful about typing ls in this directory without using any output pagination pipe – the amount of output may flood your terminal window for some time and even a ^C interrupt may take a minute or two to interrupt the command! One way to avoid flooding your screen is by using ls | wc to count how many pathnames would be output on your screen before you do just ls.

Find this huge hidden directory and make this huge directory your current directory, so that you can experiment with the GLOB pattern you will need in the following questions.

Hints: This isn’t a maze. There is only one path down to the huge hidden directory inside the start directory, though the way is hidden. Remember not to type ls in this large directory, when you find it, because the output is very large!
Exactly 100 files in this one (huge) directory have names that contain your userid (which must be matched lower-case) followed somewhere later by the string warez, where warez is case-insensitive and may appear in any combination of upper- and lower-case letters, e.g. warez,Warez,wArez,waREz, etc. Any amount of text may appear before your userid, between your userid and the warez, and after the warez.

Some sample file names for userid abcd0001 might look like these (note that the warez word must always follow the userid in all the required file names):
- HhUtfgYtyGhjJADGekCAkgtZEKsTGKdYZZabcd0001ADGekCwaREZZaFSrXJnxGex
- zynabcd0001uKVUFOsCXaGFWZPECbYWVFKzynuKWaREZv
Using one single copy command and a single shell GLOB expression, copy all 100 (exactly 100) of these cracker files (and no others) into a new directory named warez that you must create in your Base Directory. Make sure you preserve the modify times of the copied files, as you did in a previous lab. (In this simulation, all the files are empty.)

Hints: Use one shell GLOB pattern to match the 100 file names. The shell can do it all with one copy command using the right GLOB pattern for the source files, as you did in section 4.1 of Worksheet #04 HTML. Always use echo with the GLOB pattern into word count to verify your GLOB patterns before using them to see if your file names are correct before you try to use the GLOB expression in a copy command.

Do not use a pipe or find to select the file names. Use only the copy command with a GLOB pattern for the source files, as you did in section 4.1 of Worksheet #04 HTML.

Do not quote the shell GLOB patten. Quoting turns off shell GLOB patterns. You want the shell to expand the GLOB pattern for this task! (If you were passing a GLOB pattern as an expression in a find command, you would quote it so that the shell didn’t expand it. That is not what you are doing here.)

`copycmd.txt`

Put the copy command line that you used into file copycmd.txt in your Base Directory.

Make sure that the content of the file is exactly the same as the copy command you typed, with no special characters expanded. The number of words in the file should be about four.

Hints: The best way to put this command line in the file is to use a Linux text editor or the cat method from section 5.5a in Worksheet #05 HTML.

Warning: It is tricky to use echo with redirection to put this command line into the file because the line contains shell metacharacters. You can’t just stick echo on the front of a command line that contains shell metacharacters such GLOB patterns; the shell will expand all those metacharacters before the echo command runs. You will need special Quoting to make it work. You will need to hide all the shell metacharacters in the command line from the shell. Make sure the command line echoes correctly to the screen before you try to redirect it into the file. You can only redirect what you can see! Use a text editor instead!

You can check your work by doing a recursive listing of your warez directory and counting the number of names that were copied.

All the files should have their original modify dates preserved – verify this.

Run the Checking Program to verify your work so far.

4.6 Finding files in a directory using a shell GLOB patternIndex

You need to understand Shell GLOB Patterns to do this task. The shell will expand the GLOB pattern to match file names in the current directory.

`abcd0001.txt`

Under the Source Directory there is a name maze (four letters). What is the absolute path of this maze under that directory? Put the absolute pathname of this maze in that directory into a file in your Base Directory with a basename similar to abcd0001.txt, but use the basename that starts with your own Blackboard userid, not the fake userid abcd0001. Use your own userid in the file name.

Save the actual absolute pathname, not a shell tilde short-cut for an absolute pathname. (Do not start the name with a tilde.) The file basename must be exactly 12 characters long. The absolute pathname of the maze itself is over 40 characters long.
Use the GLOB feature to have the shell display on your screen on six lines the six absolute paths of the six file names under the above maze directory that begin with your userid. (One of the six absolute pathnames will end in abcd0001.txt where abcd0001 is your own userid.)

Hint: Use the ls command (no options) with an absolute path shell GLOB pattern as an argument, in a manner similar to how you displayed all the tty names in section 4.1 of Worksheet #04 HTML.

`firstmaze.txt`

Save (redirect) the six lines of output into file firstmaze.txt in your Base Directory. The file must contain six absolute pathnames, one on each line, each containing your userid.

Save the actual absolute pathnames, not shell tilde short-cuts for absolute pathnames. (Do not start the names with a tilde.)

`firstmaze.sh`

Save the command line you used into file firstmaze.sh in the same directory. Pay attention to the file name extension in this file.

Save the actual absolute pathname, not a shell tilde short-cut for an absolute pathname. (Do not start the name with a tilde.)

Hints: The best way to put this command line in the file is to use a Linux text editor or the cat method from section 5.5a in Worksheet #05 HTML.

Warning: It is tricky to use echo with redirection to put this command line into the file because the line contains shell metacharacters. You can’t just stick echo on the front of a command line that contains shell metacharacters such redirection; the shell will do the redirection before the echo command runs. You will need special Quoting to make it work. You will need to hide all the shell metacharacters in the command line from the shell. Make sure the command line echoes correctly to the screen before you try to redirect it into the file. You can only redirect what you can see! Use a text editor instead!

These six pathnames are only six of the many file names in the maze that start with your userid. We need to find them all.

4.7 Finding files recursively in a maze using a `find` GLOB patternIndex

Shell GLOB patterns can only look in one directory; they don’t search the entire maze. To find all the files in the maze that start with your userid, we can’t use shell GLOB patterns directly. We need to use that command that searches a directory recursively, and make it use the GLOB pattern. (You have used this command many times already.)

You need to understand Shell GLOB Patterns to do this task. You must know about Finding Files. The shell will not be expanding the GLOB pattern in this task, since you will be quoting them and passing the GLOB pattern to another command for evaluation, but the GLOB pattern metacharacters work the same way to match basenames, as shown in the examples in Finding Files.

We need to hide the GLOB patterns from the shell, since we want to pass the GLOB patterns unchanged to the command we use. Here’s how:

Using the search tools in your web browser (not on the CLS), look for the string quote in the course notes web page on Searching for and finding files by name, size, use, modify time, etc. Read all the paragraphs containing this word (search multiple times) and remember the importance of quoting. You will need to know how to do this quoting when you start the finding and searching work for this task on the CLS, below.

`howtoquote.txt`

In the first paragraph you found, above, put the example command line (showing the use of quotes around the *.txt argument that contains a GLOB character) into file howtoquote.txt in your Base Directory. The file must contain just the example command line text after the e.g. and it will be one line, three words, 19 characters, according to wc.

If the count is wrong, look in the file to see what is wrong with the text. Does the file contain exactly the same text as the course notes? If not, edit the file and fix it.

Hints: The best way to put this example line in the file is to use a Linux text editor or the cat method from section 5.5a in Worksheet #05 HTML.

Warning: It is tricky to use echo with redirection to put this command line into the file because the line contains shell metacharacters. You can’t just stick echo on the front of a command line that contains shell metacharacters such quotes; the shell will remove the quotes before the echo command runs. You will need special Quoting to make it work. You will need to hide all the shell metacharacters in the command line from the shell. Make sure the command line echoes correctly to the screen before you try to redirect it into the file. You can only redirect what you can see! Use a text editor instead!

`mazeinfo.txt`

Use the absolute pathname of the maze name in the Source Directory as an argument to ls along with an option that shows the long information about the pathname. When you see the correct one line of output, redirect and save the output (one line) into file mazeinfo.txt under your Base Directory.

Use the actual absolute pathname, not a shell tilde short-cut for an absolute pathname. (Do not start the name with a tilde.)

Hints: You should see exactly one line of output. You have the right option to ls if the first word of the output is lrwxrwxrwx, indicating that maze is a symbolic link, not a directory.

If you get a directory listing full of files instead of one line starting with lrwxrwxrwx, make sure you are using the right option to ls and the correct Source Directory path from this assignment and not any previous assignment.

`mazelscommand.sh`

Save the exact ls command line you used above into file mazelscommand.sh in your Base Directory. The command should use one option and one absolute pathname.

We will learn more about symbolic links in a future assignment. For now, note that the maze symbolic link has an arrow that leads to the same directory maze used in Assignment #03 HTML. (See that assignment for details on the size of this maze.)

4.7.1 Finding names starting with `abcd0001`Index

Again, in a manner similar to your previous assignments, you must find files in this maze, using the maze as the starting directory. The symbolic link requires some special handling, because the command that recursively finds files does not follow symbolic link arguments on the command line without using an option. You must choose one of these methods to search this symbolic link maze (choose one):

Method 1: Use an option to the finding command that makes it follow symbolic links only while processing the command line arguments.
Hint: RTFM, search for while processing, and do not use the -L option, OR
Method 2: Make the maze your current directory and then recursively search the current directory. (A current directory can never be a symbolic link – it must be a real directory.)

You will choose one of the previous two starting directory methods to reach the maze when you start searching, below.

As you know from a previous assignment, this maze contains many hidden sub-directories. With this maze as a starting directory, and using one of the two above methods, use a single command (no pipes needed) to recursively find all pathnames with a basename that begins with your eight-character userid at the start of the name.

For example, if your userid were abcd0001 then you might match and output pathnames containing basenames such as abcd0001 and abcd0001YYY but not XXXabcd0001 or XXXabcd0001YYY or abcdYYYY where XXX and YYY can be any non-empty strings of characters. Your own userid must start every basename.

Your single recursive command should find exactly 23 pathnames.

Hint: You must use a single command (not a pipeline) that is good at Finding Files by a basename pattern to do this. Do not try to use cd and ls to find all the files; the maze is really, really big.

Hint: You have previously used this recursive command many times without a pattern for a basename. This task requires you to use a quoted GLOB pattern that matches your userid followed by zero or more characters. The command you use should recursively find exactly 23 pathnames, all containing your userid.

Hint: If you don’t find any pathnames, re-read the section on Methods, above. If you only find a few pathnames, re-read the section on quotes, above.
When you see all 23 pathnames on your screen, take the same single command you used to find the names above and modify it to use the expression that makes the command show the full detailed attribute information about the names (including permissions, owner, size, date, etc.) instead of just the pathname. Use the same command; just remove -print and add the right expression.

You will know you have the right expression if the output of the command is 23 lines and approximately 256 words (instead of 23 words).

Hint: You know which expression to use from your answers in Worksheet #02 HTML and Worksheet #03 HTML and from reading the detailed attribute information paragraph at the end of Section 2 of the Finding Files notes.

You may want to review using pipes in Worksheet #05 HTML and Redirection and Pipes to do this next item.

`mazefound1.txt`

Pipe the 23 lines of pathname output of the above command into a sorting program and put the sorted output into file mazefound1.txt under your Base Directory. The sorted file will still contain exactly the same number of lines and words as you counted, above.

`findcmd1.txt`

Put the above two-command pipeline with redirection that you just used, into file findcmd1.txt in your Base Directory.

Hints: The best way to put this command line in the file is to use a Linux text editor or the cat method from section 5.5a in Worksheet #05 HTML.

Warning: It is tricky to use echo with redirection to put this command line into the file because the line contains shell metacharacters. You can’t just stick echo on the front of a command line that contains shell metacharacters such pipes; the shell will execute the pipes before the echo command runs. You will need special Quoting to make it work. You will need to hide all the shell metacharacters in the command line from the shell. Make sure the command line echoes correctly to the screen before you try to redirect it into the file. You can only redirect what you can see! Use a text editor instead!

4.7.2 Finding names containing `abcd0001` anywhereIndex

In this same maze, use a single command (not a pipeline) to recursively find all pathnames with a basename that contains your eight-character userid anywhere in the name.

For example, if your userid were abcd0001 then you might output pathnames containing basenames such as abcd0001, abcd0001YYY, XXXabcd0001, and XXXabcd0001YYY where XXX and YYY can be anything (zero or more characters). Your own userid will be somewhere in every basename.

Your single recursive command should find exactly 47 pathnames.

Hint: See the hints for the previous section.
When you see all 47 pathnames on your screen, take the same single command you used to find the names above modify it to use again the expression that makes the command show the detailed attribute information about the names, as you did above.

You will know you have the right expression if the output of the command is 47 lines and approximately 535 words (instead of 47 words).

`mazefound2.txt`

Pipe the 47 lines of pathname output of the above command into a sorting program and put the reverse-sorted output into file mazefound2.txt under your Base Directory. The reverse-sorted file will still contain exactly the same number of lines and words as you counted, above.

`findcmd2.txt`

Put the above two-command pipeline with redirection that you just used, into file findcmd2.txt in your Base Directory.

Hint: See the hints for the previous section.

Run the Checking Program to verify your work so far.

4.8 Three different O/S Text Files – Unix, Windows, MacintoshIndex

Somewhere under that same start directory you used earlier for the WAREZ problem are exactly three non-empty files whose names contain your userid (lower-case) somewhere (anywhere) in the name. (Most of the other files whose names also contain your userid are empty files.)

Use a command to recursively find and display these three non-empty (size larger than zero) files with your userid anywhere in the name.

Hints: What command finds files based on expressions that can include both size and a basename that can be a GLOB-style pattern? You have used this command many times this term. See the end of Worksheet #02 HTML and the “multiple expressions” example in Finding Files.

You will find your userid mentioned inside each file, but because the files are not all Unix/Linux text files, some of the text content may not display correctly on your terminal screen. The less command is better than cat when displaying files containing strange (e.g. unprintable) characters, but see also the “show-nonprinting” option to cat.
When you know the three pathnames, manually copy each of these files (preserving modify times) to a new directory named OSfiles that you must create in your Base Directory.

Since there are only three file names, you can use your mouse to copy-and-paste the three long file names you need to copy, once you know their names. Be careful to use quoting to hide any blanks in the names from the shell.

(Optional advanced use: You can also read this optional material on a better way to use find -exec and xargs.)

`unix` `windows` `macintosh`

In your OSfiles directory, determine which operating system created each of the three non-empty files. Rename the Unix/Linux file to be unix, the Windows file to be windows and the Macintosh file to be macintosh.

Hints: In Assignment #02 HTML you used a command that can determine file type to identify the text inside a date.txt file. You will also find this command listed under Week 02 in the List of Commands in your notebook. Use this command and the notes on Text File Line End Differences to identify the special line endings of the Windows and Macintosh files.

Your instructor will also mark the Base Directory in your account on the due date. Leave everything there on the CLS. Do not delete anything.

Run the Checking Program to verify your work so far.

4.9 Appending to filesIndex

You need to understand Redirection and Pipes to do this task.

`wc`

Count the lines, words, and characters in the file services under the /etc directory and put the count in file wc under your Base Directory. (Use the absolute pathname of the services file when you count and do not use any pipes.) The file wc should contain one line containing three numbers and an absolute pathname at the end. There is no file extension on this file; Linux doesn’t care.
Extract just the first line of the same services file and append this one line to the end of the wc file, so that the file wc now has two lines in it (the word count line and the first line of services).

Hint: You know a command that shows lines at the start of a file. Review your work in Worksheet #05 HTML and the notes on Redirection and Pipes.
Append the count of the lines, words, and characters in the file protocols in the /etc directory to the end of file wc, so that the wc file now has three lines in it. (Use the absolute pathname of the protocols file when you count and do not use any pipes.)
Extract just the last line of the same protocols file and append just this one line to the end of the wc file, so that the file wc now has four lines in it.

Hint: You know a command that shows lines at the end of a file. Review your work in Worksheet #05 HTML and the notes on Redirection and Pipes.

Confirm that the word count of the wc file gives 4 20 140. If you see the right number of lines but the other values differ, go back and re-read all the words in the sentences above, especially the sentences that start with the words “Use the”.

Run the Checking Program to verify your work so far.

4.10 Searching System Log FilesIndex

You need to understand Redirection and Pipes to do this task, especially the section on Using successive filters in pipes. Your Week 05 Notes explain the command that extracts fields from lines.

Copy the six-command pipeline used in Example 2 given in Using successive filters in pipes and modify it as follows and then run it:
1. Change the month from Jan to Sep
2. add on the end a seventh filter command that limits the output on the screen to the first seven lines.
Hints: Do not change any other parts of the existing six commands in the pipeline. All you need to do is change the month and add a seventh filter command. The first line of output will be 121 (222.60.95.243) and the last line (of seven lines) will be 24 (222.186.56.87).

`refused7.sh`

When the output is correct, put the new seven-command pipline you used into file refused7.sh in the Base Directory.

Typing sh -u refused7.sh should print the seven most active attack IP addresses for September on your screen. If it doesn’t do this, you haven’t copied the command line correctly. Check it!
Edit the refused7.sh file and add to the end of the file, underneath your seven-command pipeline, exactly seven numbered shell comments that explain briefly and in your own words the meaning of each of the seven commands used in the pipeline, using the format described below.

Shell script comments start with the number-sign (or hash-tag) character # and extend to the end of the line. The seven numbered comment lines must have a syntax similar to this (though this is the wrong pipeline and wrong comments to use for this task):
```
last idallen | awk '{ print $3 }' | grep '^[0-9]' | sort | uniq | wc -l
# 1. last idallen: show last login lines only for user idallen
# 2. awk '{ print $3 }': display only third field (IP address)
# 3. grep '^[0-9]': select only lines starting with a digit
# 4. sort: put IP addresses into sorted order
# 5. uniq: throw away duplicate adjacent IP addresses, leaving only unique
# 6. wc -l: count the number of unique IP addresses (number of lines)
```
Comment Format: Since there are seven commands in your script pipeline, you will need to write exactly seven numbered comment lines to explain them. As you see in the above example, each of the seven comment lines starts at the left margin with the # comment character (no spaces in front), followed by a space, number, a period, space, the pipeline command name and options to which the comment refers, and then your own comment text written in your own words. Each comment text is written in your own words to explain what the command does in the pipeline. Do not copy words; write your own.

Follow the syntax shown in the above example, and use your own words (don’t copy mine). Including the seven comment lines, your refused7.sh file will be at least eight (or more) lines long.
Write a command to count the number of lines containing the string new denied hosts in the denyhosts-2014 log file on the CLS. (This log file is in the same directory as the auth.log file used in the previous item and in most of the Weekly Class Notes.) You should find 1669 matching lines in the file.

Hint: Look at the contants of the log file before you begin. My solution used one command name with no pipes needed. I used an option that counted the number of matching lines, as shown in the weekly course notes.

`denycmd1.sh`

When the output is correct, put the command line you used to generate the number 1669 into file denycmd1.sh in the Base Directory.

Typing sh -u denycmd1.sh should print the number 1669 on your screen. If it doesn’t do this, you haven’t copied the command line correctly. Check it!
Write a command pipeline (using pipes) to count the number of lines containing the string new denied hosts in only September 2014 in the denyhosts-2014 log file on the CLS. You should find 129 matching lines to count and the output should be the number 129.

Hints: The Example 1 given in Using successive filters in pipes explains how you might find some lines in the auth.log file that were created in January. Apply what you learn there to solve this problem. Before you try, look at the denyhosts-2014 file and find out what format it uses to represent the date “September 2014”. You can’t just look for the text “September 2014” in the file; it’s not there. Look into the file to see the actual date format and create a filter command to search for that date format and count the lines. My solution used two command names with one pipe between. The second command used an option that counted the number of matching lines, as shown in the weekly course notes.

`denycmd2.sh`

When the command pipeline is correct, put the command pipeline you used to generate the number 129 into file denycmd2.sh in the Base Directory.

Typing sh -u denycmd2.sh should print the number 129 on your screen. If it doesn’t do this, you haven’t copied the command line correctly. Check it!
Using your shell history and the command you used in the previous item, modify and redo the command a few times to manually find the number of denied hosts in each month in 2014. Use this to determine the month with the largest number of denied hosts (383).

Hint: It’s one of the months after September.

`denyhosts3.txt`

When you find the month with the largest number of denied hosts, Put the first five lines and the last five lines of log entries for this month into file denyhosts3.txt in the Base Directory.

Hint: Use a command pipeline to generate the first five lines of log output for this month and save them, then modify the command pipeline to generate the last five lines of log output for this month and append them to the file containing the first five lines. That is your answer. The word count of this ten-line file should be: 10 100 854

Run the Checking Program to verify your work so far.

4.11 When you are doneIndex

That is all the tasks you need to do.

Check your work using the Checking Program below and save the standard output of that program into a file as described below. Submit that file (and only that one file) to Blackboard following the directions below.

When you are done, log out of the CLS before you close your laptop or close the PuTTY window, by using the shell exit command:

$ exit

CST8207 Assignment 05GLOB wildcard patterns, finding files using GLOB, redirection and pipes

Ian! D. Allen – idallen@idallen.ca – www.idallen.com

Fall 2015 - September to December 2015 - Updated 2015-11-04 15:04 EST

1 Due Date and DeliverablesIndex

2 Purpose of this AssignmentIndex

3 Introduction and OverviewIndex

3.1 The Source DirectoryIndex

4 TasksIndex

4.1 Do Worksheet 4 and Worksheet 5Index

4.2 Set Up – The Base Directory on the CLSIndex

4.3 Using shell GLOB patterns to select namesIndex

oldnotes newnotes

textfound.txt

symfound.txt

vifound.txt

4.4 Searching for text inside files (e.g. course notes)Index

mypasswd.txt

periods.txt

asterisks.txt

filezilla.txt

4.5 The cracker WAREZ 100 filesIndex

copycmd.txt

4.6 Finding files in a directory using a shell GLOB patternIndex

abcd0001.txt

firstmaze.txt

firstmaze.sh

4.7 Finding files recursively in a maze using a find GLOB patternIndex

howtoquote.txt

mazeinfo.txt

mazelscommand.sh

4.7.1 Finding names starting with abcd0001Index

mazefound1.txt

findcmd1.txt

4.7.2 Finding names containing abcd0001 anywhereIndex

mazefound2.txt

findcmd2.txt

4.8 Three different O/S Text Files – Unix, Windows, MacintoshIndex

unix windows macintosh

4.9 Appending to filesIndex

wc

4.10 Searching System Log FilesIndex

refused7.sh

denycmd1.sh

denycmd2.sh

denyhosts3.txt

4.11 When you are doneIndex

5 Checking, Marking, and Submitting your WorkIndex

CST8207 Assignment 05
GLOB wildcard patterns, finding files using GLOB, redirection and pipes

`oldnotes` `newnotes`

`textfound.txt`

`symfound.txt`

`vifound.txt`

`mypasswd.txt`

`periods.txt`

`asterisks.txt`

`filezilla.txt`

`copycmd.txt`

`abcd0001.txt`

`firstmaze.txt`

`firstmaze.sh`

4.7 Finding files recursively in a maze using a `find` GLOB patternIndex

`howtoquote.txt`

`mazeinfo.txt`

`mazelscommand.sh`

4.7.1 Finding names starting with `abcd0001`Index

`mazefound1.txt`

`findcmd1.txt`

4.7.2 Finding names containing `abcd0001` anywhereIndex

`mazefound2.txt`

`findcmd2.txt`

`unix` `windows` `macintosh`

`wc`

`refused7.sh`

`denycmd1.sh`

`denycmd2.sh`

`denyhosts3.txt`