% CST8207 Week 08 Notes -- modes, permissions, chmod, umask, compression, gzip, tar, diff, log files, processes % Ian! D. Allen -- -- [www.idallen.com] % Fall 2016 - September to December 2016 - Updated 2017-01-20 00:48 EST - [Course Home Page] - [Course Outline] - [All Weeks] - [Plain Text] Readings, Assignments, Labs, Tests, and ToDo ============================================ Read (at least) these things (All The Words) -------------------------------------------- 1. [Week 08 Notes HTML] -- this file -- **Read All The Words** 2. [Unix Modes and Permissions, whoami, id, groups, ls -l, chmod] 3. [Permissions masking with umask, chmod, 777 octal permissions] 4. [Useful programs: gzip - compression, tar - file archiving, diff - comparison] 5. [Unix/Linux system logging, log files, kernel messages] 6. [Unix/Linux Processes, Jobs, background, foreground, kill, killall] 7. [List of Commands You Should Know] 8. [Linux and Sysadmin News in the World] 9. [Video Tutorials on Lynda.com] -- tagged by week number - Create your [lynda.com] account and watch these sections of [Unix for Mac OS X Users] - these videos are for *all* Unix/Linux students, not just Mac OSX users - **4. Ownership and Permissions 34m 58s** - Who am I? 4m 3s - `whoami` - Unix groups 1m 52s - `groups` - File and directory ownership 6m 41s - `ls -la` - you do not have permission to use `chown`, `sudo`, or `su` on the CLS - File and directory permissions 4m 27s - `rwx` notation - Setting permissions using alpha notation 6m 49s - `chmod` - Setting permissions using octal notation 3m 49s - ``` chmod 644 ``[names...] ``` Assignments this week --------------------- Check the due date for each assignment and put a reminder in your agenda, calendar, and digital assistant. Just like in the Real World, not all due dates are on the same days or at the same times. - Review last week. Did you do everything assigned last week? - Read All The Words, Do, and then Submit via Blackboard: - Bonus (optional) [Assignment #04 HTML] -- the VIM text editor - [Assignment #05 HTML] -- GLOB wildcard patterns, finding files using GLOB, redirection and pipes - Bonus (optional) [Assignment #06 HTML] about Midterm #1 - There is a checking program available to check your file format for this bonus assignment, but only people who Read All These Words will know about it. Wrong format means no marks. Do not save or submit the output of this checking program! - [Assignment #07 HTML] -- start-up files, environment, search PATH, quoting, hard and soft links, disk usage - [Assignment #08 HTML] -- setting permissions, mode, `umask` - Really do **Read All The Words**. You don't get a second chance to get it right. ### Worksheets Worksheets are preparation for your assignments. You can't do the assignments without having done the worksheets first, and you can't do the worksheets without having first read the Course Notes: 1. Read. 2. Worksheet. 3. Assignment. Form a small study group to do the worksheets. Each person tries the example given, and you make sure you all get the same answers. Worksheets are not for hand-in; they are not worth marks; the assignments test your knowledge of the lectures and worksheets. > The worksheets are available in four formats: Open Office (ODT), PDF, HTML, > and Text. Only the Open Office format allows you "fill in the blanks" in > the worksheet. The PDF format looks good but doesn't allow you to type into > the blanks in the worksheet. The HTML format is crude but useful for quick > for viewing online. Do **NOT** open the Worksheet ODT files using any Microsoft products; they will mangle the format and mis-number the questions. Use the free Libre Office or Open Office programs to open these ODT documents. On campus, you can [download Libre Office here]. - [Worksheet #04 ODT] -- shell GLOB patterns and Aliases - [Worksheet #04 PDF] - [Worksheet #04 HTML] - shell GLOB patterns (wildcards), Aliases: `alias, sum, unalias` - [Worksheet #05 ODT] -- shell I/O redirection (including pipes) - [Worksheet #05 PDF] - [Worksheet #05 HTML] - shell I/O redirection, `date, head, nl, tail, tr, wc` - [Worksheet #06 HTML] -- *Optional* Bonus VIM Text Editor Practice - This is an *optional* worksheet for a BONUS assignment using `vim` - Optional command-line VIM tutorial: the `vimtutor` program on the CLS. - Bonus (optional) [Assignment #04 HTML] -- the VIM text editor - Read [The VI (VIM) Text Editor] - [Worksheet #08 ODT] -- Linux file system permissions (modes) - This Worksheet is a prerequisite for [Assignment #08 HTML] - [Worksheet #08 PDF] -- PDF version - [Worksheet #08 HTML] -- HTML version - `chmod, ls -lid, umask` Worksheets prepare you for the upcoming assignments. Lab work this week ------------------ - Finish work on the ODT or PDF [Worksheet #04 HTML] and [Worksheet #05 HTML] so you can do [Assignment #05 HTML] -- GLOB wildcard patterns, finding files using GLOB, redirection and pipes - These worksheets require you to understand [Finding Files], [Shell GLOB patterns] (wildcard pathname matching) and [Shell I/O Redirection] (including Pipes). - Read [The VI (VIM) Text Editor] and optionally do the bonus [Assignment #04 HTML]. - Do Bonus (optional) [Assignment #06 HTML] about Midterm #1 - There is a checking program available to check your file format for this bonus assignment, but only people who Read All These Words will know about it. Wrong format means no marks. Do not save or submit the output of this checking program! - [Assignment #07 HTML] is about start-up files, environment, search PATH, quoting, hard and soft links, disk usage - [Assignment #08 HTML] -- setting permissions, mode, `umask` - Do the worksheet first on Linux file system permissions (modes): - [Worksheet #08 ODT] -- use Open Office or Libre Office to complete this worksheet - [Worksheet #08 PDF] -- pretty version - [Worksheet #08 HTML] -- quick web online version (not pretty) Upcoming tests -------------- Read the [Test Instructions] (all the words) before your midterm tests. Put these dates into your phone! Use the **Name Game** link to test your name before the test. I don't answer questions about the instructions during the test. 1. **Second Midterm test:** 45 minutes; in lecture class on Wednesday in Week 10 (Nov 9) 2. **Final Exam:** 180 questions in 180 minutes in Week 15 - Three Hours! Take a bathroom break before you start the exam. - Assigned Seating in T117/119 (see your email for your assigned seat) - Thursday December 15 11h30 (11:30am to 2:30pm) in T117/119 Tests take place in class in your 50-minute lecture period, not in your lab period. Each midterm test is 45 minutes long and contains approximately 45 multiple-choice questions similar to those found in [Practice Tests and Answers]. The Final Exam is in T117/119 Thursday December 15 11h30 in Week 15. The Final Exam is three hours long. Take a washroom break before you start. ### Midterm Test #2 -- Wednesday November 9 - Midterm #2 takes place on Wednesday, November 9 (Week 10) in your scheduled lecture hour (not in your lab period). - For full marks, you must read the [Test Instructions] before the test for important directions on how to enter your name, answers, your lab (not lecture) section number, and the test version number on the question sheet and the mark-sense forms. - There may be more questions on the test than you can answer in the time allowed; answer the ones you know, first. Notes from the Classroom ======================== - **Take notes in class!** Keep a pad open on your desk. - Note that your Midterm Test #2 on Wednesday November 9 is worth more than five assignments put together. Don't spend all your time doing an assignment at the expense of studying the [Practice Tests and Answers] for the Midterm Test. Commands Used ------------- Keep a notebook with a [List of Commands][List of Commands You Should Know] in it. - You need to write down yourself what each command *does*. - I will check for this list in your lab periods. - Check the updated list of commands each week. - Bring your notes to class! Stop wasting time looking up commands. - Are you making notes from the worksheets on how each command works? - What do the options used in the worksheets mean, for each command? - Don't copy and use options that you don't understand! - Useful command: `hostname` - Needed for [Assignment #07 HTML] - Three useful options to the `wc` command (often used in tests): - `wc -l` - `wc -w` (Needed for your second midterm test.) - `wc -c` - Know (for the assignment) the three commands that are [directory operations] that manipulate file names; they don't touch the file data and don't need any permissions on the file data. - The `diff` command compares two files: `diff file1 file1` - - - See Also: `vimdiff` and `gvimdiff` - For systems running X Windows, see also `meld` Marking Scheme for Assignment #06 ================================= Bonus (optional) [Assignment #06 HTML] may be done after you get your marks back for Midterm #1. You can use this bonus assignment to make up for lost marks on your first midterm test. See the assignment for the exact Marking Scheme. Fifteen minute rule ------------------- Your time as a student is valuable. See the [Week 03 Notes HTML]. Massive Internet Attack on Friday ================================= "This morning a ton of websites and services, including Spotify and Twitter, were unreachable because of a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack on Dyn, a major DNS provider. Details of how the attack happened remain vague, but one thing seems certain. Our internet is frightfully fragile in the face of increasingly sophisticated hacks." "Twitter, Spotify and Reddit, and a huge swath of other websites were down or screwed up this morning. This was happening as hackers unleashed a large distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack on the servers of Dyn, a major DNS host. It's probably safe to assume that the two situations are related." "A massive and sustained Internet attack that has caused outages and network congestion today for a large number of Web sites was launched with the help of hacked "Internet of Things" (IoT) devices, such as CCTV video cameras and digital video recorders, new data suggests." Large Attack on CLS on Saturday =============================== 14 attacks in 10 minutes: Date: Sat, 22 Oct 2016 15:09:15 -0400 222.215.118.68 (unknown) Date: Sat, 22 Oct 2016 15:13:19 -0400 185.29.8.211 (ip-8-211.dataclub.biz) Date: Sat, 22 Oct 2016 15:13:50 -0400 192.160.102.164 (snowfall.relay.coldhak.com) Date: Sat, 22 Oct 2016 15:14:56 -0400 178.17.170.253 (178-17-170-253.static.host) Date: Sat, 22 Oct 2016 15:14:25 -0400 93.100.211.216 (unknown) Date: Sat, 22 Oct 2016 15:14:25 -0400 94.142.242.84 (tor-exit-1.zenger.nl) Date: Sat, 22 Oct 2016 15:15:31 -0400 37.48.80.101 (unknown) Date: Sat, 22 Oct 2016 15:16:02 -0400 163.172.21.117 (163-172-21-117.rev.poneytelecom.eu) Date: Sat, 22 Oct 2016 15:16:02 -0400 109.163.234.8 (edwardsnowden1.torservers.net) Date: Sat, 22 Oct 2016 15:16:33 -0400 204.124.83.130 (tor-exit0.conformal.com) Date: Sat, 22 Oct 2016 15:17:34 -0400 163.172.136.101 (tor.ohundred.com) Date: Sat, 22 Oct 2016 15:18:04 -0400 209.222.77.220 (tor-relay.redteam.net) Date: Sat, 22 Oct 2016 15:18:04 -0400 62.210.37.82 (62-210-37-82.rev.poneytelecom.eu) Date: Sat, 22 Oct 2016 15:19:06 -0400 89.234.157.254 (marylou.nos-oignons.net) Apparently several [TOR] nodes were involved. ![Take Notes in Class] -- | Ian! D. Allen, BA, MMath - idallen@idallen.ca - Ottawa, Ontario, Canada | Home Page: http://idallen.com/ Contact Improv: http://contactimprov.ca/ | College professor (Free/Libre GNU+Linux) at: http://teaching.idallen.com/ | Defend digital freedom: http://eff.org/ and have fun: http://fools.ca/ [Plain Text] - plain text version of this page in [Pandoc Markdown] format [www.idallen.com]: http://www.idallen.com/ [Course Home Page]: .. [Course Outline]: course_outline.pdf [All Weeks]: indexcgi.cgi [Plain Text]: week08notes.txt [Week 08 Notes HTML]: week08notes.html [Unix Modes and Permissions, whoami, id, groups, ls -l, chmod]: 500_permissions.html [Permissions masking with umask, chmod, 777 octal permissions]: 510_umask.html [Useful programs: gzip - compression, tar - file archiving, diff - comparison]: 525_tar_gzip_diff.html [Unix/Linux system logging, log files, kernel messages]: 580_system_log_files.html [Unix/Linux Processes, Jobs, background, foreground, kill, killall]: 600_processes_and_jobs.html [List of Commands You Should Know]: 900_unix_command_list.html [Linux and Sysadmin News in the World]: 950_linux_world.html [Video Tutorials on Lynda.com]: 910_lynda_index.html [lynda.com]: http://algonquincollege.com/onlineresources/mobileStudent/lynda.htm [Unix for Mac OS X Users]: http://www.lynda.com/Mac-OS-X-10-6-tutorials/Unix-for-Mac-OS-X-Users/78546-2.html [Assignment #04 HTML]: assignment04.html [Assignment #05 HTML]: assignment05.html [Assignment #06 HTML]: assignment06.html [Assignment #07 HTML]: assignment07.html [Assignment #08 HTML]: assignment08.html [download Libre Office here]: 050_course_introduction.html#install-libreoffice-or-openoffice-into-windows [Worksheet #04 ODT]: worksheet04.odt [Worksheet #04 PDF]: worksheet04.pdf [Worksheet #04 HTML]: worksheet04.html [Worksheet #05 ODT]: worksheet05.odt [Worksheet #05 PDF]: worksheet05.pdf [Worksheet #05 HTML]: worksheet05.html [Worksheet #06 HTML]: worksheet06.html [The VI (VIM) Text Editor]: 300_vi_text_editor.html [Worksheet #08 ODT]: worksheet08.odt [Worksheet #08 PDF]: worksheet08.pdf [Worksheet #08 HTML]: worksheet08.html [Finding Files]: 180_finding_files.html [Shell GLOB patterns]: 190_glob_patterns.html [Shell I/O Redirection]: 200_redirection.html [Test Instructions]: 000_test_instructions.html [Practice Tests and Answers]: PRACTICE_TEST_README.html [directory operations]: 455_links_and_inodes.html [Week 03 Notes HTML]: week03notes.html [TOR]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tor_(anonymity_network) [Take Notes in Class]: data/remember.jpg "Take Notes in Class" [Pandoc Markdown]: http://johnmacfarlane.net/pandoc/