1.1 Read (at least) these things (All The Words)

1. Week 04 Notes HTML – this file – Read All The Words
2. Shell GLOB patterns (wildcard pathname matching)
3. Shell I/O Redirection – stdin, stdout, stderr, and Pipes
4. List of Commands You Should Know
5. Video Tutorials on Lynda.com – tagged by week number

• Create your lynda.com account and watch these sections of Unix for Mac OS X Users
  • these videos are for all Unix/Linux students, not just Mac OSX users
  • 3. Working with Files and Directories
    • Searching for files and directories 6m 32s
      • find using “wildcard” (GLOB) patterns - same as shell GLOB
  • 6. Directing Input and Output 20m 39s
    • Standard input and standard output 1m 24s
    • Directing output to a file 4m 13s
    • Appending to a file 2m 44s
    • Directing input from a file 5m 28s
    • Piping output to input 4m 40s
    • Suppressing output 2m 10s

1.2 Assignments this week

Check the due date for each assignment and put a reminder in your agenda, calendar, and digital assistant. Just like in the Real World, not all due dates are on the same days or at the same times.

• Review last week. Did you do everything assigned last week?
• Read All The Words, Do, and then Submit via Blackboard:
  • Assignment #03 HTML – working with files and pathnames: PS1 find mkdir mv cp rm touch file
  • Bonus (optional) Assignment #04 HTML – the VIM text editor
  • Assignment #05 HTML will be out soon – using GLOB wildcard patterns, selecting files using GLOB, redirection and pipes
  • Really do Read All The Words. You don’t get a second chance to get it right.

1.3 Lab work this week

• Finish the readings, worksheets, and Assignment #03 HTML from last week.
• Do the weekly readings on Shell GLOB patterns (wildcard pathname matching) and Shell I/O Redirection (including Pipes), also listed above.
• Complete and save the ODT or PDF versions of Worksheet #04 HTML and Worksheet #05 HTML in preparation for your Midterm Test and for doing Assignment #05 HTML
• Read The VI (VIM) Text Editor and optionally do the bonus Assignment #04 HTML.
• Get ready for upcoming Assignment #05 HTML – GLOB wildcard patterns, selecting files using GLOB, redirection and pipes
  • This assignment requires you to understand the material in the web pages and Worksheets 4 and 5.

1.4 Worksheets

Worksheets are preparation for your assignments. You can’t do the assignments without having done the worksheets first, and you can’t do the worksheets without having first read the Course Notes: 1. Read. 2. Worksheets. 3. Assignment.

Form a small study group to do the worksheets. Each person tries the example given, and you make sure you all get the same answers. Worksheets are not for hand-in; they are not worth marks; the assignments test your knowledge of the lectures and worksheets.

The worksheets are available in four formats: Open Office (ODT), PDF, HTML, and Text. Only the Open Office format allows you “fill in the blanks” in the worksheet. The PDF format looks good but doesn’t allow you to type into the blanks in the worksheet. The HTML format is crude but useful for quick for viewing online.

Do NOT open the Worksheet ODT files using any Microsoft products; they will mangle the format and mis-number the questions. Use the free Libre Office or Open Office programs to open these ODT documents. On campus, you can download Libre Office here.

These first two worksheets require you to have read File System and Pathnames:

• Worksheet #02 ODT – Using standard Linux commands I
  • Worksheet #02 PDF
  • Worksheet #02 HTML
  • PS1, cd, find, less, ls, man, mkdir, passwd, pwd, rmdir
• Worksheet #03 ODT – Using standard Linux commands II
  • Worksheet #03 PDF
  • Worksheet #03 HTML
  • cat, clear, cp, find, fgrep, history, less, man, mv, rm, sleep, touch
• Worksheet #04 ODT – shell GLOB patterns and Aliases
  • Worksheet #04 PDF
  • Worksheet #04 HTML
  • shell GLOB patterns (wildcards), Aliases: alias, sum, unalias
• Worksheet #05 ODT – shell I/O redirection (including pipes)
  • Worksheet #05 PDF
  • Worksheet #05 HTML
  • shell I/O redirection, date, head, nl, tail, tr, wc
• Worksheet #06 HTML – Optional Bonus VIM Text Editor Practice
  • This is an optional worksheet for a BONUS assignment using vim
  • Optional command-line VIM tutorial: the vimtutor program on the CLS.
  • Bonus (optional) Assignment #04 HTML – the VIM text editor
  • Read The VI (VIM) Text Editor

Worksheets prepare you for the upcoming assignments.

2.1 Midterm Test #1 – Friday June 09

• Midterm #1 takes place at Friday, June 09 (Week 5) in your scheduled lecture class (not in your lab period).
• For full marks, you must read the Test Instructions before the test for important directions on how to enter your name, student number, answers, your lab (not lecture) section number, and the test version code on the question sheet and the mark-sense forms.
• There may be more questions on the test than you can answer in the time allowed; answer the ones you know, first.
• A set of practice questions and answers for the first midterm test is posted: Practice Tests and Answers.
  • The tests use the semicolon ; to separate multiple commands on the same line, to save space and paper, e.g. three separate commands can be written on one line like this: date ; echo "hi" ; ls
  • Do not use semicolons as an interactive human user! Type each command on its own line with the [Enter] key.
• Blackboard has some quizzes taken randomly from the first practice test in Practice Tests and Answers. The full practice test itself is not part of your course grade, but these quizzes are part of your course grade. See below.

3.1 Draw file system diagrams

Draw File System Diagrams to understand where files are when you do the worksheets, the assignments, and the tests and exams!

See Ian Martin’s File System Diagram Example

3.2 Did not change password – CLS access revoked

Students will have their CLS accounts disabled if they have not changed their default password. (I do not want people breaking into my machine because of you.)

See my online timetable for how to make an office appointment to see me if you want your account back.

3.3 Commands Used

Keep a notebook with a List of Commands in it.

• You need to write down yourself what each command does.
• Check the updated list of commands each week.
• I will check for this list in your lab periods.
• Bring your notes to class! Stop wasting time looking up commands.

• Are you making notes from the worksheets on how each command works?
  • What do the options used in the worksheets mean, for each command?
  • Don’t copy and use options that you don’t understand!

• The stupid nano text editor. (Learn vim instead!)

• Using GLOB patterns as -name arguments to find
  • Remember to quote the find GLOB patterns to hide them from the shell!
  • GLOB patterns are NOT needed in Assignment 3. See Assignment 5.
• Confused about redirection and the copy and move commands? These are wrong:
  • cp cal.txt >calnew,txt # WRONG: error message from cp
  • mv cal.txt ../../ >cal.txt # WRONG: what is now in cal.txt ?
  • No example in any of the notes or worksheets ever uses redirection and cp or mv together. These commands do not produce anything on standard output that is worth redirecting. Usually, the commands produce no output at all. Do not use redirection with mv or cp.
• Confused about pathnames and blanks on the command line? This is wrong:
  • cp file.txt ../../../ file.copy # WRONG
  • Blanks separate arguments. This is covered in detail in Command Arguments and Options. You are giving the copy command three pathnames (three arguments), where you should have only two. The first argument is the source; the second is the destination:
  • cp file.txt ../../../file.copy # RIGHT

3.4 Not Reading All The Words

These do not produce the same output file:

$ find . >foo ; mv foo dir/foo
$ find . >dir/foo

If the assignment asks you to redirect the output into a file in a specific directory, then only the second answer above is correct. The first answer, using mv, will have the wrong pathnames in it.

3.5 Working hard, not working smart

• Stop using cd Windows People! Use pathnames! This is very inefficient:

  $ cd CST8207-17W
  $ cd Assignments
  $ cd assignment03
  $ cd topdir
  $ cd other
  $ cat foo.txt

  This is all you need to do (using the TAB key to help you):

  $ cat CST8207-17W/Assignments/assignment03/topdir/other/foo.txt

• Stop using cd Windows People! Use pathnames! This is very inefficient:

  $ cd dir1
  $ cd subdir
  $ touch file
  $ cd ..
  $ cd ..
  $ cd dir2
  $ cd subdir
  $ touch file
  $ cd ..
  $ cd ..
  [...etc...]

  This is all you need to do (using the TAB key to help you):

  $ touch dir1/subdir/file dir2/subdir/file [...etc...]

• If a pathname doesn’t work, use ls to find out why. Usually it’s because you’re spelling it wrong. Use the TAB key and the shell will complete the pathname for you, with no spelling errors.

3.6 Not doing worksheets: working hard, not smart

This student below didn’t do the worksheets and doesn’t know about any options to the mkdir command. Instead of typing one command to make the directory tree, he has to use ten (!), and gets the name wrong, too. He also didn’t hear me talk about not using cd all the time, so he marks himself as a Windows newbie. This won’t look good in a job interview:

$ mkdir 1ldIr
$ cd 1ldIr
$ mkdir one
$ mkdir two
$ mkdir one/0neOne
$ cd one
$ ls
$ cd ..
$ ls
$ mkdir two/tw0two

Don’t be this guy. No employer wants to pay you to type ten commands when one will do the job. Work smarter, not harder. Do the worksheets!