====================
Unix/Linux Pathnames
====================
-IAN!  idallen@freenet.carleton.ca

Ref: Chapter  4
     Floppix Lab 3: (logical organization of the Linux filesystem)
     Floppix Lab 4: (navigating the filesystem)

Given this directory structure and current directory:

    $ pwd
    /tmp/idallen

    $ ls -l
    drwxr-xr-x    2 idallen  idallen      4096 Feb  3 20:33 dir1
    -rw-r--r--    1 idallen  idallen         0 Feb  3 20:33 file1

All the pathnames below give the same output, because all these pathnames
refer to the same (current) directory:

    $ ls
    $ ls .
    $ ls ./.
    $ ls ././././././.
    $ ls dir1/..
    $ ls ./dir1/..
    $ ls dir1/../.
    $ ls dir1/../././././.
    $ ls ../idallen
    $ ls ./../idallen/./././.
    $ ls ../../tmp/idallen
    $ ls ../idallen/dir1/..
    $ ls ../idallen/dir1/.././././.
    $ ls dir1/../../idallen
    $ ls ./dir1/../../idallen/.

    $ ls /tmp/idallen
    $ ls /tmp/idallen/././.
    $ ls /tmp/idallen/dir1/..
    $ ls /tmp/../tmp/idallen/../idallen/dir1/..
    $ ls /././tmp/./././../tmp/./././idallen/./././../././idallen/./dir1/./..

All the pathnames below give the same output, because all these pathnames
refer to the same sub-directory "dir1":

    $ ls dir1
    $ ls dir1/.
    $ ls ./dir1
    $ ls ./dir1/.
    $ ls ././././dir1/././././.
    $ ls ../idallen/dir1
    $ ls ../idallen/dir1/../dir1/.
    $ ls ../../tmp/idallen/dir1/../../idallen/dir1/.

    $ ls /tmp/idallen/dir1
    $ ls /././tmp/./././idallen/./././dir1/./.

All the pathnames below give the same output, because all these pathnames
refer to the root directory:

    $ ls ../..
    $ ls ../../../../..
    $ ls dir1/../../..
    $ ls dir1/../dir1/../../..
    $ ls ../idallen/../..
    $ ls ../../tmp/..

    $ ls /
    $ ls /.
    $ ls /./././.
    $ ls /tmp/..
    $ ls /tmp/idallen/../..
    $ ls /tmp/idallen/dir1/../../..

These patterns match all non-hidden names in the /tmp/idallen directory:

    $ echo *
    $ echo ./*
    $ echo dir1/../*
    $ echo ../idallen/*
    $ echo ../../tmp/idallen/*
    $ echo /tmp/idallen/*
    $ echo /tmp/idallen/dir1/../*

These patterns match all non-hidden names in the /tmp directory:

    $ echo ../*
    $ echo ./../*
    $ echo .././*
    $ echo /tmp/*
    $ echo /tmp/./*
    $ echo /././././tmp/./././*

These patterns match all non-hidden names in the root directory:

    $ echo ../../*
    $ echo ../../../../../../*
    $ echo /*
    $ echo /tmp/../*
    $ echo /tmp/idallen/../../*
    $ echo /tmp/idallen/dir1/../../../*