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Summary Slide for O/S Introduction
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(Based on an original by Harold Smith)

9.   What is an Operating System?
     a.   'Software intended to aid in the preparation and execution of
          application programs'  (Harold)
     OR
     b.   'Manages the Hardware' (Ian)

10.  OS Evolution - 1
     Users -> Application Program -> *** OS *** -> Hardware

11.  OS Components
     a.   Boot Facility (IPL)
     b.   Shell (Command Processor, GUI, JCL)
     c.   Task Management
     d.   Memory Management (Virtual Memory)
     e.   I/O Ctrl System (Data Mgmt, Device Drivers)
     f.   Security System
     g.   Networking Facilities
     h.   Utilities (System Tools, Text Editor etc.)
     i.   HELP facilities

12.  OS Terms
     a.   Kernel (nucleus) - that portion of the OS that is running at
          all times.
     b.   Batch vs Interactive Processing -periodic transaction
          processing  vs as occurring'
     c.   Spooling - printer management
     d.   Batch Files (macros, WSH, shell scripts, "procs")
     e.   Multitasking vs Multiprogramming

13.  OS Selection Criteria
     RASSIM: Reliability, Availability, Serviceability,
             Scalability, Integrity, Manageability
     a.   Performance (Throughput vs Response Time)
     b.   Availability (Reliability, Serviceability)
     c.   Manageability, Scalability
     d.   AP's/SDK's available (Watch for Vapourware)
     e.   User Friendliness
       i.   Ease of learning vs Ease of use
       ii.  Tailorability
     f.   Security
     g.   Cost (SW, HW, install, support)

14.  Major OS's
     a.   DOS/Win 3.1 - Win95/98
     b.   Win/NT - Win2000
     c.   UNIX (Ultrix, AIX, Solaris, HP-UX, Linux)
     d.   MVS - OS/390
     e.   Open VMS (VAX/VMS)
     f.   VM/XA, VSE
     g.   OS/2
     h.   MacOS

15.  DOS/Windows
     a.   DOS (81-128K XT) + Win3.1(90)->Win95->Win98->Win2K->WinME->Win??
         Windows 98:
           Suggested "Improvements" over Win 95
           i.   improved administration tools
           ii.  support for new hardware
           iii. more efficient file system
           iv.  automated updates via Web browser
           v.   Win Scripting Host (VBS, JS)
           vi.  integrated IE, Active Desktop interface
     b.   Strengths
       i.   AP's available (Installed base)
           - more than 100M copies sold so far
           - more than>80% of PC market, and share growing   (PCMag)
       ii.  GUI, Multitasking
       iii. 9 out of 10 (home) users satisfied
     c.   Weaknesses
       i.   single user
       ii.  Task/memory mgmt problems
       iii. stability, security
       iv.  GUI!
       v. Constant O/S upgrading and obsolescence
          - Integrating and maintaining 32-bit OS's "top concern"
            - survey of 200 IT mgrs at Fortune 1,000 companies. (Datamation)
       vi.  Active Desktop will mean extensive training
       vii. Windows Update: one of the most compelling features of Win98
           - one of the least suited for corporate use: (PCWeek)
16.  WinNT / Windows 2000
     a.   Arch
       i.   32 bit, UNIX-like; but: 12MB for OS!
       ii.  Intended for high-end workstations and servers
     b.   Strengths
       i.   32 bit performance, 3D graphics support
       ii.  Networking (NT server)
       iii. Secure Inet access
       iv.  Win95 GUI (in NT 4.0)
     c.   Weaknesses
       i.   lack of RASSIM (vs. UNIX, MVS)
       iii. See Datamation article: aunixserver.txt
       iv. GUI (weak batch processing tools)

17.  UNIX
     a.   Arch - designed for MT program devel't, kernel/shell
     b.   Strengths
       i.   Cross vendor support ("Open Arch")
       ii.  Efficient, elegant' kernel, MT
       iii. File System
       iv.  Powerful cmd interface
     c.   Weaknesses
       i.   Open Architecture! (incompatible versions)
       ii.  Cryptic cmd interface (X Windows GUI may help a bit)
       iii. Lack of RASSIM

    6.   UNIX Demand?
      a.   Internet!
      b.   Inet, WWW, TCP/IP,  all Unix-based
      c.   >60% of Inet servers are Unix today
      d.   >80% of Inet firewalls are Unix
      e.   1.5 jobs for every available consultant @ $40-60/hr -SVN
      f.   Linux Interest!
        - NASA using for new space station
        - MS mentions Linux as only OS named when explaining competition

18.  MVS
     a.   Arch - Multiple Virtual Storages, VIO, JES
     b.   Strengths
        - "85% of existing mainframe apps will stay right where they are
          to take advantage of mainframe security, performance, and
          reliability" (Gartner Group)
        - The mainframe is a natural for e-commerce because that's where
          the data typically resides.  (Datamation)
        - RevCan, Statcan, CSIS, Bank of Can etc. are MVS shops
        - no signs of extinction
          - shipments of System/390 growing steadily since 1994
       i.   batch job scheduling and control
       ii.  big' (eg 16TB per address space)
       iii. security (RACF), availability (99.9999%)
       iv.  system management facilities
     c.   Weaknesses
       i.   interactive facilities added later (non GUI)
       ii.  complexity (necessary?), JCL interface


19.  The OS of the Future
     a.   Mainframes
       i.   will be with us for the foreseeable future due to...
          (a)  size of investment ('legacy applications')
          (b)  RASSIM' needs of 'mission critical apps'
       ii.  MVS/UNIX, OS/390
     b.    Servers
       i.   Netware vs WinNT vs OS/390 vs OS/2
       ii.  UNIX (std version? POSIX?  Linux?)
     c.   Desktop
       i.   Win95/8 vs WinNT/2000 vs UNIX (MacOS, OS/2?)
       ii.  NC - WinCE? W2KTrmServs? JavaOS?  TalOS? Rhapsody?
            (1)  Linux!